Acidosis and Alkalosis

NORMAL Values
pH	7.35 – 7.45
PaCO2	35 - 45
HCO3	22 -26
Pa02	80 - 100%

Acid-Base Balance	pH	PaCO2	HCO3
Respiratory Acidosis = DYSPNEA, respiratory distress, headache, restlessness, altered mental state, drowsiness, seizure *possible intubation	low	high	normal
Respiratory Alkalosis = HYPERVENTILATION, anxiety, fever, lightheadedness, tachycardia, syncope *breath into a paper bag to re-breath CO2	high	low	normal
Metabolic Acidosis = KUSSMAUL RESPIRATION (rapid, deep breathing), cold clammy skin, hypotension, tachycardia, stupor, coma *Sodium Bicarbonate	low	normal	low
Metabolic Alkalosis *may be due to nasogastric suctioning = NAUSEA and VOMITING, HYPOVENTILATION, dizziness, tachycardia, weakness, lethargy, twitching, muscle cramps, decrease gastric motility, paralytic ileus *antiemetics	high	normal	high
Fully Compensated =		normal pH
Uncompensated/Partially compensated =		abnormal pH
Remember: ROME = Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal